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Foundation models miss half the brain

Foundation models in humanoid robots require heavy training on specific procedures. Even then, skills don't generalize.

Evolution used the Basal Ganglia to tell the Frontal Cortex when to hold a representation. This system needs to be in Physical AI. We have it.

Our Cognitive Model is designed from observations in cognitive neuroscience

The modules of the artificial brain system have functional properties that vary based on what is known about each region in scientific literature.

**The What and How of Prefrontal Cortical Organization, O'Reilly 2010

References

 

Alia-Klein, N., Gan, G., Gilam, G., Bezek, J., Bruno, A., Denson, T. F., Hendler, T., Lowe, L., Mariotti, V., Muscatello, M. R., Palumbo, S., Pellegrini, S., Pietrini, P., Rizzo, A., & Verona, E. (2020). The feeling of anger: From brain networks to linguistic expressions. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 108, 480–497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.002


Chai, W. J., Abd Hamid, A. I., & Abdullah, J. M. (2018). Working memory from the psychological and neurosciences perspectives: A review. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 401. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00401


Dixon, M. L., Thiruchselvam, R., Todd, R., & Christoff, K. (2017). Emotion and the prefrontal cortex: An integrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 143(10), 1033–1081. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000096


Frank, M. J. (2006). Hold your horses: A dynamic computational role for the subthalamic nucleus in decision making. Neural Networks, 19, 1120–1136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2006.03.006


Haber, S. N., & Knutson, B. (2010). The reward circuit: Linking primate anatomy and human imaging. Neuropsychopharmacology Reviews, 35, 4–26. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2009.129


Lim, S., & Goldman, M. S. (2013). Balanced cortical microcircuitry for maintaining information in working memory. Nature Neuroscience, 16(9), 1306–1314. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3492


McHaffie, J. G., Stanford, T. R., Stein, B. E., Coizet, V., & Redgrave, P. (2005). Subcortical loops through the basal ganglia. Trends in Neurosciences, 28(8), 401–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2005.06.006


**O'Reilly, R. C. (2010). The What and How of prefrontal cortical organization. Trends in Neurosciences, 33(7), 355–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2010.05.002


Roy, M., Shohamy, D., & Wager, T. D. (2012). Ventromedial prefrontal-subcortical systems and the generation of affective meaning. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16(3), 147–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2012.01.005


Sallet, J., Mars, R. B., Quilodran, R., Procyk, E., Petrides, M., & Rushworth, M. F. S. (2011). Neuroanatomical basis of motivational and cognitive control: A focus on the medial and lateral prefrontal cortex. In R. B. Mars, J. Sallet, M. F. S. Rushworth, & N. Yeung (Eds.), Neural basis of motivational and cognitive control (pp. 5–20). MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/8791.003.0003


Shackman, A. J., Salomons, T. V., Slagter, H. A., Fox, A. S., Winter, J. J., & Davidson, R. J. (2011). The integration of negative affect, pain and cognitive control in the cingulate cortex. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 12, 154–167. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2994


Wallis, J. D. (2007). Orbitofrontal cortex and its contribution to decision-making. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 30, 31–56. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.30.051606.094334


Walton, M. E., Croxson, P. L., Behrens, T. E. J., Kennerley, S. W., & Rushworth, M. F. S. (2007). Adaptive decision making and value in the anterior cingulate cortex. NeuroImage, 36, T142–T154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.03.029


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